Low Testosterone Associated With Fracture Risk in Older Men

Jennifer Reid Holman, MA, Medscape Medical News.ASBMR 28th Annual Meeting: Abstract 1020.
Older men who have lower levels of testosterone tend to be at significantly higher risk for bone fracture, according to a study presented here at the 28th annual meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Like other recent research, this study suggests that age-related declines in sex steroid hormones - which affect both men and women - may have some association with age-related decline in bone health.

"One third of all osteoporotic fractures occur in men," noted lead researcher Christian Meier, MD, from the University of Basel in Switzerland. "This is one of the largest prospective studies looking at whether testosterone may have some correlation."

The study by Dr. Meier and colleagues included 609 men older than 60 years (mean age, 72.6 ± 5.7 years) who took part in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, an Australian population-based study. At baseline, the men were assessed for weight, calcium intake, smoking habits, spinal bone mineral density (BMD), and serum levels of total testosterone and sex hormone binding globulins (SHBG). In addition, free testosterone was calculated based on total testosterone and SHBG levels. Symptomatic low-trauma fractures, from incidents like minor falls, were recorded during prospective follow-up.

During the median 6-year follow-up period, 113 men (18.6%) sustained at least 1 low-trauma fracture. At baseline and compared with the no fracturing control subjects, these patients tended to be older (typically older than 70 years) and to have lower weight, height, BMD, calcium intake, and serum levels of both total and free testosterone. In addition, they had higher SHBG levels than control subjects.

In multivariate analysis, total and free testosterone levels were found to be significant and independent predictors of osteoporotic fracture. The risk for any fracture increased by 40% and the risk for no vertebral fracture increased by 50% for each SD decrease in testosterone levels.

According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, fractures - especially those of the hip - can be particularly catastrophic in older men because they are more likely to die or be chronically disabled afterward than women.

The role that testosterone may play in the bone health of aging men is still unclear. Some studies show that testosterone levels are not associated with BMD in older men, noted Jane Cauley, DrPH, researcher and professor of epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. "But low testosterone could still explain some of the fracture risk in older men even if it has nothing to do with [BMD]," Dr. Cauley told Medscape.

For instance, lower testosterone level may be related to reduced muscle strength and instability, which can make men more vulnerable to falls and fractures, Dr. Cauley pointed out. And because testosterone is converted to estradiol in the body, low testosterone levels, in turn, could lead to lower estradiol levels, she added.